Chapter 11, DNA and protein synthesis

Mr. Haight

Regular Biology

DNA structure

• DNA has a double helical structure

•

• Bases:

–

–

–

– Thymine

•

• Sugar-phosphate backbone

• bonds hold it together

DNA Replication

• Begins at Origin of Replication

• Opens a replication fork

• Enzymes used to split DNA:

–

–

• _____________ initiates replication

• DNA ____________ makes new DNA strand

DNA Replication

• New DNA strands are linked by the DNA ligase enzyme

• DNA

• DNA polymerase and ligase, cut, remove and correct the mistake

• Termed as a ______________________

RNA

• Types of RNA

• mRNA-

• rRNA-

• tRNA-

DNA transcription

• Occurs in the

• _____________________ binds to DNA at the promoter at a TAC (start codon)

• ________ nucleotides/second

• __________________ terminates transcription (UGA)

• Results in a single stranded ________________

• “OOOZES” out of the nucleus through a pore

The Genetic Code

• Code needed to convert between ___________________________

• Codon-________________________________

• __________ different mRNA codons

• ______________________________!!!!!!!!

Translation: mRNA to Protein

• Takes place in the _______________________

• ___________-attaches to one amino acid

• Complementary base-pairing of _______________________

• Ribosome slides down to next codon and thus another amino acid

• RULE::::_____________ build _____________which build _____________________!!!!!