Regular Chemistry Study Guide

 

            The following is a study guide for regular chemistry students and is in no way a comprehensive study guide.  You should review all notes, labs performed in class, pages 1-254 in your book, and all your homework!  You should begin reviewing now over Christmas break because your Midterm on January the 17th, 2002 is worth 20% of your semester grade.  The following topics will be covered in detail:

 

I.  Measurements and Uncertainty

            A.  International system of Units-SI units

            B.  Metric System

            C.  Scientific Method

            D.  Uncertainty in Measurement

            E.  Significant Digits

            F.  Scientific Notation

            G.  Percent Error

            H.  Density and Density problems

            I.  Factor-Label Method

            J.  Graphing data: Independent vs. Dependent Variables

           

II.  Energy and Matter

            A.  Energy and the Law of Conservation of Energy

            B.  1 cal= 4.184 J, Questions about stored energy

            C.  Forms of energy

            D.  Energy crisis today

            E.  Conversions of Temperatures (Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit)

            F.  Phases of Matter

            G.  Physical and Chemical Changes

            H.  Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

            I.  Types of mixtures

            J.  Separating Mixtures

           

III.  Discovery of the Atom

            A.  Atom definition (Democritus)

            B.  Atomic theory of matter

            C.  Cathode Ray tube, Radioactivity, Alpha scattering experiment

            D.  Components of an atom

            E.  Atomic Numbers, Atomic mass units, Ions, Isotopes

            F.  Mass number, chemical symbols, atomic mass

            G.  Nuclear stability, graph 3-28,

            H. Radioactive decays and forms of decay

 

IV.  Electron configurations

            A.  Speed of Light, Planck’s constant, Equation for wavelength, and math probs.

            B.  Planck’s theory, Photoelectric effect, Ground state, excited states

            C.  Bohr model, Quantum number, Heisenberg uncertainty princple

            D.  Electron density,  Quantum mechanical model of an atom

            E.  Principal energy levels, sublevels, spins, orbitals, orbital filling model

            F.  Electron configurations, Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund’s rules

 

V.  Periodic Table

            A.  History of the Periodic Table leading to its discovery

            B.  Periodic Law, Groups, Periods

            C.  Alkali metals, Alkaline earth metals, Halogens, Noble gases

            D.  Metals, Semimetals, metalloids, nonmetals

            E.  s-block, d-block, p-block, and f-block elements

            F.  Valence electrons, short-hand electron configurations

            G.  Periodic Trends

                        A.  Ionic size

                        B.  Atomic radius

                        C.  Ionization energy

                        D.  Electron affinity

                        E.  Electronegativity

 

 VI. Groups of Elements (Sources, Uses, Trends, Oxidation numbers, etc.)

            A.  Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Metals

            B.  Transition Metals….Coinage Metals

            C.  F-Block, Actinide and Lanthanide series, which is radioactive?

            D.  Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Halogen, and Noble gases (Families)

            E.  Hydrogen

 

VII.  Chemical Formulas and Bonding

            A.  Ionic bonds and Compounds, Cations and Anions

            B.  Octet Rule, Lewis dot structures

            C.  Types of Ions

                        1.  Monatomic Cations

                        2.  Monatomic Anions

                        3.  Polyatomic Ions

            D.  Binary Ionic Compounds

            E.  Empirical Formulas

            F.  Covalent Bonding-Molecular Formulas-Structural formulas

            G.  Bonds-Single, Double, and Triple

            H.  Naming Compounds, Hydrates, Molecular Compounds, Acids